The Israeli government has rejected a 15-point plan backed by the Trump administration aimed at disarming the Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Sunday.
It appeared to be an unusually public break with President Trump, whose relationship with Mr. Netanyahu has had a dizzying and often unpredictable arc. The two leaders launched the war against Iran together in late February. But they have since clashed over how to end it, as well as over the future of Israel’s military campaigns in Gaza and Lebanon.
Mr. Trump announced the agreement between his Board of Peace and Hamas late last month, lauding it as a major breakthrough. Mr. Netanyahu’s office had initially expressed reservations, saying that the framework did “not reflect Israel’s positions,” but stopped short of rejecting it outright.
The U.S.-backed proposal envisions a phased process in which Hamas would hand over its weapons in stages to a new Palestinian administration in Gaza. In exchange, Israel would gradually withdraw from the more than half of Gaza that it has controlled since the cease-fire last October.
On Sunday, Mr. Netanyahu openly dismissed the plan, saying that Israeli forces “would not carry out any withdrawal until Hamas is disarmed.” He said that meant “heavy weapons, lighter weapons, all weapons,” adding, “We are talking about real disarmament.”
At a cabinet meeting of government ministers, Mr. Netanyahu said: “I want to be clear here — Israel is ruling out the 15-point document.”
The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Trump administration officials had hoped the deal could break nearly a year of deadlock in the devastated Gaza Strip. Despite last year’s cease-fire, many of Gaza’s two million residents are still living in sprawling tent camps, as Israel has said there will be no wide-scale reconstruction before Hamas disarms.
Israelis are skeptical that Hamas intends to follow through on its commitments, as the Palestinian militants see armed struggle as part of the group’s raison d’être. And for Mr. Netanyahu, any potential concessions in Gaza would come at a politically delicate moment.
He faces an uphill election campaign this fall — the first national vote since Hamas’s deadly attack of Oct. 7, 2023, ignited the devastating war in Gaza. Despite Mr. Netanyahu’s repeated pledges to secure “absolute victory,” Hamas still controls parts of Gaza nearly three years later.
The deal with Hamas followed months of delicate talks between its leaders in exile and officials from Mr. Trump’s Board of Peace, a new body established to oversee the Gaza cease-fire. The board includes heads of state, including Mr. Netanyahu, and is headed by Mr. Trump.
In practice, however, a small number of Trump appointees led the negotiations, including Nickolay Mladenov, a former United Nations Mideast envoy. The U.S.-backed negotiators sought to find a formula that would relieve Hamas of its weapons but that the militant group would still accept.
A Board of Peace official said that despite Mr. Netanyahu’s comments, the board was still seeing Israeli cooperation on the ground in Gaza, such as Israel’s easing of near-daily strikes in Gaza. The official requested anonymity to speak candidly.
On Sunday, Husam Badran, a senior Hamas official, argued that Mr. Netanyahu’s refusal to move ahead with the 15-point plan showed that Israel, rather than the Palestinian group, was the main obstacle to advancing it.
According to the text of the accord, Israel would first have to fulfill several outstanding conditions from the initial cease-fire with Hamas last October which ended the two-year war in Gaza, including a “cessation of military operations.”
Despite the cease-fire, Israel has continued attacks in the Gaza Strip, killing more than 1,000 people since last October, according to Palestinian health officials. Those killed have included senior Hamas officials, but also civilians, including children.
Israeli bombardment intensified the weekend after the deal was concluded, with at least 20 people killed, Gaza health officials said.
But those attacks largely ceased after Mr. Mladenov met with Mr. Netanyahu last Monday. Mr. Mladenov had criticized the strikes, which he said had “killed civilians and destroyed medical supplies that people depend on.”
Under the Trump plan, an international committee was supposed to verify Israel’s compliance with the cease-fire reached last October. Hamas would then “decommission and store” its heavy weapons as part of a process overseen by a group of U.S.-backed Palestinian technocrats.
Israel would gradually withdraw from Gaza, and Palestinian militias armed by Israel to fight Hamas would similarly give up their weapons.
The timeline, along with other details, has yet to be negotiated. The 15-point agreement specifies that the timetable for disarmament ought to be concluded within 14 days after all parties approve the deal. It is unclear whether that can be realized given the doubts hanging over the deal.
Maggie Haberman contributed reporting.
